research and read about a health issue in a specific population in specific regions in the United States. Some examples of the topics for your research could be:

• HIV or AIDS in African-Americans in Southern United States.
• Alcoholism in Native Americans in Midwestern United States.
• Diabetes among Navajo people in Southwest United States.
• Obesity among low-income children in Eastern United States.

Address the following:

• The main issues being discussed and the message you wish to deliver to the affected population.
• Population affected.
• Age, gender, race, socioeconomic class, sexual orientation, religion, etc. of the target population.
• Segment of the United States population affected along with the percentage.
• Social factors such as culture and religion that may influence the burden of the disease.
• Ethical issues that may be factors in developing and implementing prevention and intervention programs for the disease.
• Various components of the health care system that can assist the community.
• Methods that the health care system should use to assist the community. (For example, state health care systems may revise or develop new policies to address the issue).

 As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.

Submission Details:

• Your assignment should be addressed in an 7- to 10-page document.

 

In our reading this week, we learned more about some of the philosophers’ perspectives on how to cultivate that fertile ground for engaging in meaningful friendships. Many philosophers seem to agree that friendship is not about being knowledgeable or following a specific prescription for being a true friend. Vernon’s summary of Socrates’ position entails the following:

Then the individuals have the opportunity not only to learn about the limitations of the beliefs that they hold true but also about the flaws in their character and the vulnerabilities of their temperaments. These are, after all, far deeper sources of delusion than mere rational confusion (p. 255).

In a similar vein, Vernon interprets soul friendship in the light of John Keats “negative capability” as the “ability to live life without certainty, but with an expectant open-heartedness” (p. 254).

In this week’s reading material, the following philosophers discuss their views on this topic: Socrates, Plato, Emerson, Aristotle. Make sure to incorporate their views as you answer each discussion question. Think about how their views may be similar or different from your own. In at least 250 words total, please answer each of the following, drawing upon your reading materials and your personal insight:

• In your own understanding of the ethics of friendship, to what extent do you personally value the ability to learn about the limitations of your beliefs, the flaws in your character, and the vulnerabilities in your temperament? Do you consider this an obligation of the friend? What is your own understanding of the “ability to live life without certainty, but with an expectant open-heartedness” in terms of friendship and do you concur that it is the ethical approach to cultivating true friendship? If not, based on what you learned in this course, what is? 

ADAPTIVE RESPONSE:

As an advanced practice nurse, you will examine patients presenting with a variety of disorders. You must, therefore, understand how the body normally functions so that you can identify when it is reacting to changes. Often, when changes occur in body systems, the body reacts with compensatory mechanisms. These compensatory mechanisms, such as adaptive responses, might be signs and symptoms of alterations or underlying disorders. In the clinical setting, you use these responses, along with other patient factors, to lead you to a diagnosis.

Consider the following scenarios:

Scenario 1:

Jennifer is a 2-year-old female who presents with her mother. Mom is concerned because Jennifer has been “running a temperature” for the last 3 days.  Mom says that Jennifer is usually healthy and has no significant medical history. She was in her usual state of good health until 3 days ago when she started to get fussy, would not eat her breakfast, and would not sit still for her favorite television cartoon. Since then she has had a fever off and on, anywhere between 101oF and today’s high of 103.2oF. Mom has been giving her ibuprofen, but when the fever went up to 103.2oF today, she felt that she should come in for evaluation. A physical examination reveals a height and weight appropriate 2-year-old female who appears acutely unwell.  Her skin is hot and dry. The tympanic membranes are slightly reddened on the periphery, but otherwise normal in appearance. The throat is erythematous with 4+ tonsils and diffuse exudates. Anterior cervical nodes are readily palpable and clearly tender to touch on the left side. The child indicates that her throat hurts “a lot” and it is painful to swallow. Vital signs reveal a temperature of 102.8oF, a pulse of 128 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of 24 beats per minute.

Scenario 2:

Jack is a 27-year-old male who presents with redness and irritation of his hands. He reports that he has never had a problem like this before, but about 2 weeks ago he noticed that both his hands seemed to be really red and flaky. He denies any discomfort, stating that sometimes they feel “a little bit hot,” but otherwise they feel fine. He does not understand why they are so red. His wife told him that he might have an allergy and he should get some steroid cream. Jack has no known allergies and no significant medical history except for recurrent ear infections as a child. He denies any traumatic injury or known exposure to irritants. He is a maintenance engineer in a newspaper building and admits that he often works with abrasive solvents and chemicals. Normally he wears protective gloves, but lately they seem to be in short supply so sometimes he does not use them. He has exposed his hands to some of these cleaning fluids, but says that it never hurt and he always washed his hands when he was finished.

Scenario 3:

Martha is a 65-year-old woman who recently retired from her job as an administrative assistant at a local hospital. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, which has been controlled for years with hydrochlorothiazide. She reports that lately she is having a lot of trouble sleeping, she occasionally feels like she has a “racing heartbeat,” and she is losing her appetite. She emphasizes that she is not hungry like she used to be. The only significant change that has occurred lately in her life is that her 87-year-old mother moved into her home a few years ago. Mom had always been healthy, but she fell down a flight of stairs and broke her hip. Her recovery was a difficult one, as she has lost a lot of mobility and independence and needs to rely on her daughter for assistance with activities of daily living. Martha says it is not the retirement she dreamed about, but she is an only child and is happy to care for her mother. Mom wakes up early in the morning, likes to bathe every day, and has always eaten 5 small meals daily. Martha has to put a lot of time into caring for her mother, so it is almost a “blessing” that Martha is sleeping and eating less. She is worried about her own health though and wants to know why, at her age, she suddenly needs less sleep.

To prepare:

·         Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 6 in the Huether and McCance text.

·         Identify the pathophysiology of the disorders presented in the scenarios, including their associated alterations. Consider the adaptive responses to the alterations.

·         Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in this week’s Learning Resources. Then select one of the disorders you identified from the scenarios. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to alterations.

To complete:

Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

·         Explain the pathophysiology of the disorders depicted in the scenarios, including their associated alterations. Be sure to describe the patients’ adaptive responses to the alterations.

·         Construct a mind map of your selected disorder (put a picture). Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to alterations.

 

*This paper must include a title page, introduction, summary, and references.

* Follow APA 6^th ed for the citation and references.

* Make sure all of your references are within 5 years old (between 2011 to 2016). All of your references should come from Textbooks, journal articles,  .gov or .org (evidenced based websites such as CDC, NIH or ADA).  Please do not use Wikipedia, WebMD, .com websites or Up to date for any of your work.

 

REQUIRED RESOURCES

Readings

·         Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

o    Chapter 5, “Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing”

This chapter examines how the body responds to injury and infection by exploring the first, second, and third lines of defense. It also covers wound healing and alterations of the wound healing process.

o    Chapter 6, “Adaptive Immunity”

This chapter examines the third line of defense, adaptive immunity. It also covers the roles of antigens and immunogens, the humoral immune response, cell-mediated immunity, and the production of B and T lymphocytes in the immune response.

o    Chapter 7, “Infection and Defects in Mechanism of Defense”

This chapter covers the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of disorders resulting from infection, deficiencies in immunity, and hypersensitivity. It also examines the pathophysiology of an important immune disorder—HIV/AIDS.

o    Chapter 8, “Stress and Disease”

This chapter evaluates the impact of stress on various body systems and the immune system. It also examines coping mechanisms and disorders related to stress.

o    Chapter 9, “Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of Cancer”

This chapter explores the developmental process of cancer and factors that impact the onset of cancer at the cellular level. It also describes various treatment options.

o    Chapter 10, “Cancer Epidemiology”

This chapter reviews genetic, environmental, behavioral, and diet-related risk factors for cancer. It also examines types of cancers that result from risk factors.

o    Chapter 11, “Cancer in Children”

This chapter focuses on the presentation and prognosis of childhood cancers. It examines the impact of genetic and environmental factors on these cancers.

o    Chapter 36, “Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System”

This chapter covers the structure and function of bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. It also explores effects of aging on the musculoskeletal system.

o    Chapter 37, “Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function”

This chapter examines the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment of bone, joints, and skeletal muscle disorders. Additionally, it explores musculoskeletal tumors, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.

o    Chapter 38, “Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children”

This chapter includes musculoskeletal disorders that affect children, such as congenital defects, bone infection, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, muscular dystrophy, musculoskeletal tumors, and nonaccidental trauma.

o    Chapter 39, “Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument”

This chapter begins with an overview of the structure and function of skin. It then covers effects of aging on skin, as well as disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

o    Chapter 40, “Alterations of Integument in Children”

This chapter covers alterations of the integument that affect children. These include acne vulgaris, dermatitis, infections of the skin, insect bites and parasites, vascular disorders, and other skin disorders.

·         McPhee, S. J., & Hammer, G. D. (2012). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.

o    Chapter 3, “Disorders of the Immune System”

This chapter explores the anatomy and physiology of the immune system. It also explores the pathophysiology of various immune disorders such as primary immunodeficiency diseases and AIDS.

o    Chapter 8, “Diseases of the Skin”

This chapter begins with an overview of the anatomy and physiology of skin. It also explores the pathophysiology of various types of skin lesions and inflammatory skin diseases.

o    Chapter 24, “Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease”

This chapter explores the pathogenesis of inflammation and its role in rheumatic diseases. It also examines the clinical presentation, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of rheumatic diseases such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis.

MEDIA:

·         Zimbron, J.  (2008). Mind maps—Dementia, endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.medmaps.co.uk/beta/

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. [Image]. Used with permission of MedMaps. 

This media provides examples of mind maps for dementia, endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

OPTIONAL RESOURCES

·         Arthritis Foundation. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.arthritis.org/

 

·         Lupus Foundation of America. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.lupus.org/newsite/index.html

 

You are a member of your organization’s ethics committee.  At this month’s meeting of the committee, two issues were discussed.  The CEO has asked you to brief the new board chair on the importance of ethics in healthcare, how they differ from other industries, and how they apply to these specific circumstances.  Select one of the two following scenarios as the focus of your analysis.

1.  Hospital policy on influenza immunization. 

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have issued an advisory that the coming “flu season” is expected to be unusually severe.  CDC projects a potentially historic level of illness and flu-related deaths. 

Response to this, the president of the medical staff has recommended that hospital staff, employees, and volunteers receive mandatory influenza immunizations.  With exceptions for those who are allergic and anyone with a valid religious prohibition against vaccination, those who refuse the immunization would not be allowed to work.  There is a small, but vocal, contingent of employees (including some nurses who are advocating for unionization of the nursing staff) who object to this policy, stating it is an infringement on individual rights and patient self-determination. 

What issues should be considered in establishing this policy?  To what groups is responsibility owed?  What will you recommend to the hospital Board and C-Suite?

2.  Balancing Needs

Your facility is a critical access hospital (CAH) serving a largely rural catchment area.  The next nearest hospital, a comprehensive medical center is several hours distant.

During the monthly utilization review, the emergency department medical director noted a marked increase in cases of renal distress and failure, and that many of these patients do not have health insurance.  They have been treated in accordance with the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA), the federal statute that requires hospitals to assess and stabilize anyone presenting for emergency services, regardless of ability to pay.

The chief of medical services responds that end-stage renal disease requires ongoing evaluation and treatment, but that this is neither covered by EMTALA nor does the current medical staff have a specialist in this field.

What issues should be considered in addressing this situation?  To what groups is responsibility owed?  What will you recommend to the hospital Board and C-Suite?

 1000 – 1200 word analysis of the selected scenario.

It  should include separate sections that summarize the relevant issues raised by the case, an explanation of why those issues raise ethical concerns, and how the ACHE Code of Ethics or a similar professional code of ethics can be used to determine the proper response by a healthcare leader.

The suggested topics reflect the types of situations you may encounter as a leader in health care.  They are complex and offer no clear options or solutions.  Your research, therefore, should include at least five scholarly sources.

A title sheet, abstract, body of the paper, and reference list are all required for this paper.  The body of the paper should not exceed 1200 words in total.

MS Word and in APA format, with 1-inch margins on all sides, double-spaced and 12 pt. Times New Roman font.

P.S if you can get it done right before the end of the day, I am willing to add an extra to the price.