Please review this file  download and observe how patient age is calculated, and how cohorts are created for each category of Pediatric Patient. Please go thru each of the worksheets presented as “Step 1”, “Step 2”, and so forth. Upon completion, create a Pivot Table in Step 6 which analyzes the Pediatric patient data by age cohort in Step 5. Submit the MS Excel file here. 

Part 2:   Case StudyWeek 2:Defining Age Cohort Definitional Problems in anAcute Care Hospital Quality Resource DepartmentCase Background:  A 450 bed acute care hospital that was runningat a typical daily occupancy of rate of 86% performs approximately 85focused chart reviews per day, concentrating on a number of factors, including the patient’s length of stay  (LOS),  severity,  current  diagnosis, pre-operative surgical risk  factor  status, infection  status,  current  medication protocols, and a number of behavioral health indicators.During the course of developing chart review protocolsin anticipation of a focused review involving the Department of Pediatrics,  a  lively  discussion  ensued  among  the  Quality  Resource  Management (QRM) staff  as to  what constituteda “Pediatric”case.  A number of members of the team had different opinions as to which patient ageboundaries should be  used  whendesignating  a  case  to  qualify  as “Pediatric”.    Some  members felt  that  many  of  the older patients  seen within  the  Pediatric  Department should be  classified  as “adults”due  to  a  number  of  physiological  and  psychological factors,  while  other  members  of  the  team  felt  that  it  was  important,  for  reasons  of  data  consistency,  to  maintain  the traditional pediatric age cut-off point of “under age 18years”for designating pediatric patients.Data  Collection, Preparation,  and  Analysis: The  Chairman  of  the  Department  of  Pediatrics charged  those  individuals responsible  for  data  collection,  preparation,  and  analysis  to  take  an “open”and “flexible”approach  to  the  issue  of designating  which  patients  would  be  considered “pediatric”from  a  clinical  perspective  versus  from  an  administrative perspective.    In  essence,  the  Chairman  was  directing  the  team  to analyze  the datain  such  a  way  that  would  permit grouping of patients by age into multiple cohorts.  One member of the team cautioned that creating multiple definitions of “pediatric”might create confusion when conducting analysis. Conclusion:  The Quality Resource Management staff ultimately decided to create sixage cohort designations based on the patient’s age at the time of admission.   These cohorts consisted of these groupings:

Pt Age RangePt Age Range Designation< 1 YearInfant1 –3YearsToddler4–10YearsPediatric11 –12YearsPreAdolescent13 –15 YearsAdolescent16 –17 YearsPost AdolescentUnanticipated Outcome:Shortly after this decision was made, the QRM staff discovered that a similar issue existed for patients classified as “Geriatric”.  In this case, the discussion focused on the gradualincrease in patient age experienced in the healthcare environment, with specific attention to patients who are over the age of 90.  In this case, the Quality Resource  Management  Team  developed  the  following  age  cohorts  to  describe  patients  who  previously  had  all  been collapsed into a single category of “Geriatric”:Pt Age RangePt Age Range Designation65-69Young Geriatric70-74Septuagenarian 175-79Septuagenarian 280-84Octogenarian 185-89Octogenarian 290-99Nonagenarian100+Centenarian 

Assignment 1: Applying Economic Concepts Relevant To Health Care Spending  Assignment     I’m Done         Due June 9 at 11:59 PM     

Assessment #1: (10%) 

As you learned in Week 1, health care spending is growing faster than overall growth in the economy (as measured by GDP) and by 2026 is expected to consume 20 percent of GDP.  Many economists believe that the trade-offs required to finance health care spending have become increasingly challenging for both private and public payers.

Given what you have learned from the course material in Week 1, discuss these trade-offs and how to evaluate them from an economic perspective. BE SURE TO USE SECTION HEADERS CORRESPONDING TO THE SECTIONS BELOW.

Specifically, do the following:

1. From an economic perspective, explain why health care spending cannot grow greater than overall growth in the economy for an extended period of time without adverse consequences. 
   1. Identify what economic constraints overall and in the healthcare industry will occur if this happens.
2. Identify TWO Economic concepts that can be used to evaluate the trade-off between health care and other economic goods and services. In doing this:

• Define the economic concept completely
• Apply the economic concept to the current issue of rising health care spending and trade-offs

1. Evaluate the unique characteristics in health care that complicate this analysis.

This report should be at least four double-spaced pages, include a reference page, and cover page.  In writing, your report you should rely largely on reference material in the course readings and summary slides in Week 1. Please be sure to properly cite all material used.  

Be sure to include your name and section headers corresponding to the parts of the report above.  

Attached is the material for reference if needed:

There are two textbooks for this course: 

1)The first text for this course is written by Mayer, “Everything Economics”. 

Access the text via the following link (copy  link and paste in your browser)

http://ezproxy.umuc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=418083&site=eds-live&scope=site&profile=edsebook

The second textbook is: Economic Theory Through Application 

And can be found at:

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_economics-theory-through-applications/

This week Read: 1) Mayer Chapter 1: What is Economics?

          2) Mayer Chapter 13: Keeping Score: The Gross Domestic Product

           3) Economic Theory Through Applications Chapter 1: What is Economics? (p. 6-18)

https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_economics-theory-through-applications/

          4) Economic Theory Through Applications Chapter 2: Microeconomics in Action (p. 19-32)

5) National Health Expenditures 2016 HIghlights

https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/downloads/highlights.pdf 

6) What Do We Spend on Healthcare: National Health Accounts Forecast:

See Forecast Summary link and Tables 1, 2, and 3 in detailed data files:

https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/NationalHealthAccountsProjected.html

The purpose of this assignment is to present one problem (listed below) and develop seven different hypotheses and associated independent and dependent variables that are measurable, testable, and meaningful. Remember, a hypothesis is just an “I think” statement that needs to be fully developed with potential solutions and variables. Ultimately, much time and money could be spent on this issue, so it is imperative to spend time upfront with this brainstorming process around various hypotheses.

Problem:

Gunshot detectors, for instance, uses digital microphones that are installed on or in buildings or along the streets which helps in listening for evidence of gunshots and gunshot direction warnings. During this time of mass shootings.

Alzheimer-Related Disabilities

This assignment will help you understand the disabilities that are caused due to Alzheimer’s disease.

Ellen is a 64-year-old Chinese American, who has recently been diagnosed with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. She has been working steadily as a secretary but recently due to the disease has found it harder to perform her duties. She has worked for 34 years. She has recently become widowed and has two adult kids who live in the same area as her. But they rarely agree on how to provide care for her. Ellen has asked her children to help her navigate her decision to retire.

Based on the above scenario, create a 4 page report in a Microsoft Word document that describe the issues that Ellen and her children need to address regarding:

• Ellen’s retirement
• Ellen’s future health care plans
• Ellen’s housing
• Ellen’s financial situation
• Ellen’s ability to perform her job effectively
• The disease progression and its effect on her activities of daily living (ADL)
• Advanced directives
• Funeral plans
• Social supports available to Ellen
• Role her culture may play on her family’s decision