famous experiment in physics

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Choose a famous experiment in physics that was groundbreaking and changed the field. Classic examples are the Michelson-Morley experiment that discovered there is no ether, or Planck’s black body radiation experiment that proved that energy was quantized and gave birth to quantum mechanics.

Explain the historical context. Why were scientists doing this experiment? What were they hoping to find or prove?

Describe the experiment in detail. How was the experiment designed? What equipment was used? How did the scientists hope to get their results?

Describe how this experiment changed physics. What new field of inquiry did it open up? What did the results say about the world? Did it overturn any previous assumptions we had about the universe? Did it lead to new discoveries?

minimum 1000 words.