Culturally Competent Nursing Care

Read chapter 2 of the class textbook and review the attached PowerPoint presentation. Once present a minimum of 700 words easy discussing the concept of Culturally Competent Nursing and the relation with Dr. Madeline Leininger’s theory.

As stated in the syllabus please present your assignment in an APA format, word document Arial 12 font with a minimum of 2 evidence-based references not older than 5 years (excluding the class textbook). A minimum of two replies sustained with the proper references to any of your peers is required.

Homework Set #4: Chapters 9, 10, & 11

Due Week 8 and worth 100 points

Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate document. Explain how you reached the answer or show your work if a mathematical calculation is needed, or both. Submit your assignment using the assignment link above.

A. Bad Boys, Inc. is evaluating its cost of capital. Under consultation, Bad Boys, Inc. expects to issue new debt at par with a coupon rate of 8% and to issue new preferred stock with a $2.50 per share dividend at $25 a share. The common stock of Bad Boys, Inc. is currently selling for $20.00 a share. Bad Boys, Inc. expects to pay a dividend of $1.50 per share next year. An equity analyst foresees a growth in dividends at a rate of 5% per year. Bad Boys, Inc. marginal tax rate is 35%. If Bad Boys, Inc. raises capital using 45% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 50% common stock, what is Bad Boys cost of capital?

B. If Bad Boys, Inc. raises capital using 30% debt, 5% preferred stock, and 65% common stock, what is Bad Boys cost of capital?

C. On page 457, your textbook details the term Cannibalization. In your own words, identify two corporations that have dealt with cannibalization and what steps were taken to overcome the cannibalization. Please provide any citations and references. Please be articulate in your responses.

Instructions: Write a response (at least 4-5 paragraphs) to the question below. Your response must be double spaced, 12 font and have 1 inch margins.

Question #1: Reflect upon the topics we have covered this semester. Based on what you know about institutions (constitution, federalism, legislature, executive, and judiciary) and processes (public opinion, media, interest groups, political parties, campaigns, and elections), assess in what ways the U.S. political system is democratic and in what ways it is less than fully democratic? Consider the democratic values of popular sovereignty, political equality and political liberty in your assessment. What might/should be done to make the system more democratic?

Question #2: American Government has three branches. Many note that the legislative branch (Congress) was given the most powers in the U.S Constitution and was designed to be closest to the people. In addition, the Executive branch, headed by the President, has increased its power during the last century; many argue beyond what the founding fathers anticipated. Finally, the judiciary branch created its own power in Marbury v. Madison. Alexander Hamilton called the Supreme Court “the least dangerous branch” and the courts consistently score as the most popular or trusted part of government.

Reflect on the powers given to each of the branches and how they have used or use power(s) today. Be certain to give examples for each branch.

Which of the branches do you believe to be the most powerful or influential? Which branch do you believe should be the most powerful? Explain your answers.

Question #3: Explain and evaluate the ways an individual can effectively participate in politics at the national, state and local level. Be certain to provide examples for each level of government. Are there differences possible for the different levels of government? Where would you be most interested or motivated to participate? Why?

Question #4: The U.S. Constitution has 27 Amendments. The first ten amendments, called the Bill of Rights, were added in 1791 to address issues noted by the Anti-federalists. Later amendments were added to address concerns that arose in subsequent years.

Please select

a) one of the Bill of Rights Amendments

AND

b) one of Amendments 11-27 that you find to be the most essential.

If the amendment has multiple parts, be specific about the part that you find most important. Be thorough in your explanation and support for your selection. Please use examples in your essay to support your points.

For Discussion Forum 4, please address any of the questions below. As always: you are required to make a minimum of THREE (3) posts per module. At least one of your three posts should be your own original comment; at least one – should be a response to or comment on something another classmate has posted; the third post can be either your own original post or a comment on a classmate’s post. Keep in mind that your response should NOT simply be a summary of the assigned reading. A higher grade will be awarded to posts that demonstrate student’s ability to provide an original interpretation of the topic while also applying relevant concepts, issues, and theories covered in the module.

1. Judyth Twigg begins her essay by stating: “The human costs of the Soviet regime were unquestionably and unbearably high. Few would argue for a return to the political repression, pervasive economic and bureaucratic inefficiency, corruption, and general malaise that plagued the late Soviet society. From the perspective of the Russian people, however, not everything about the Soviet Union was bad…” (p.147). Based on the materials you have read and watched, discuss what upsides and downsides of the Soviet (and post-Soviet) regimes Russian people experienced. Even though the question might be somewhat oversimplifying the issue, what were the “good” and the “bad” aspects of the Soviet regime?

2. From what you have learned so far, what advantages does the system of central planning have over a free market economy? What are the disadvantages? Give specific examples from your readings / viewings.

3. A question for those of you interested in business and economics. Writing in 2002, Harley Baltzer refers to Russia as becoming a “post-industrial petro-state” (p.164) (basically, a state that heavily depends on exports of raw materials [oil] to sustain its economy). You will continue hearing this term as you move on to the study of Putin’s Russia. From what you have read in this module / know so far, why do you think this term is applicable to Russia? What in your mind makes the Russian petrostate essentially vulnerable? Do you have any examples from recent developments in Russia to illustrate the vulnerability of the petrostate?

4. Writing in 2002, Harley Balzer discusses several major problems that stemmed from or got exacerbated by psychological and physical shocks of the 1990s. Discuss any of these problems; provide your own feedback and opinion on them. From what you know about histories of other countries (including the U.S.), have major socio-political upheavals ever had similar impacts on the country’s population?

5. Here’s one more humanitarian problem for you to consider. Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union many ethnic Russians resided in Soviet republics outside of Russia (say, in Ukraine, or the Baltic republics). With the collapse of the Soviet Union, all of these republics became different countries, many of which focused on the development of their own national identities. With the Soviet Union gone, ethnic Russians living in various former Soviet republics one day woke up “abroad.” They never immigrated or gave their consent to living in a foreign country, it’s just that the republic they lived in was now “foregn.” To give you an example, during Second World War, my aunt’s family ended up in Latvia. Latvia, of course, was a Soviet republic, where Russian was one of the official languages. My aunt was a little girl when her family took her to Latvia. She, of course, learned the Latvian language, went to Latvian school, then university, etc. At the time of the collapse of the USSR she was firmly established in Latvia: she was a secondary school teacher, and – apart from a few relatives – had no place to go to in Russia (she didn’t need to!). For all intents and purposes she considered herself Latvian. When in 1991 Latvia became a brand new country, my aunt encountered tremendous hostility towards herself because she was not ethnically Latvian. She was fired from her job, and for a few years had to survive teaching private Russian lessons. (I must say, that within about 10 years things calmed down and she is now Latvian citizen – a whole separate long story). Provide your own feedback on this situation of ethnic Russians residing in former Soviet republics and all of a sudden facing the ethnic hostility that I described. If you are familiar with the recent Russia – Ukraine conflict, explain how president Putin used the argument of “ethnic Russians in Ukraine” as a pretext of annexing Crimea.

6. Discuss comedy monologues that I included in this module representing the eras of perestroika and the collapse of the Soviet Union. What are the themes and targets of satirists’ writings? Give specific examples of Soviet / post-Soviet social, political, or economic issues that the comedians target. How do these stories present Russia as a nation? Did you feel that the topics and /or tonalities of the comedians’ satire change from the late 1980s (perestroika era) to the 1990s? Using the information that you have about the era, explain the change (or lack thereof).

Answer the 2 questions below and reply to each student.

Student Reply must be over 200 words.

Make sure all student replies you start it with Hello (Student Name),

Please upload each question in different word documents.

Question 1:

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapter 7 of The Leadership Experience and watch the Derek Sivers | TED2010: How to Start a Movement (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. video.

List three ideas that you learned from the video clip. Also, explain the chain of the leadership-follower movement. Why is it important for the leader to embrace the first follower as an equal? If you have your own experience with the leadership/follower movement, please share this with your peers.

Student Reply 1: Diana Squire

Sivers (2010) cites three significant things in his video, which include the idea of embracing the first follower in a movement, the fact that the first follower makes a lone-nut the leader, and last the need for people to be courageous to be leaders and show people what to do so they can follow.

The chain of the leadership-follower movement regards how an excellent leader must have the guts to stand alone and look outrageous. However, despite the associated ridiculousness, the actions depicted by the leader should be easy to replicate to attract people. First followers to a movement play a crucial role as they transform a lone-nut into a leader (Sivers, 2010). Thus, the first follower abounds as an under-appreciated type of leadership. Regardless of the above, the first follower depicts what to follow, which arises as essential to avoid leading people astray. Momentum also plays a crucial role in movements, and they stem from more people joining and aping the second follower. Thus, according to Sivers (2010) leadership derives as over-glorified since the leaders get all the credit even though the first follower made the movement a possibility.

Daft (2018) postulates that the leader should embrace the first follower as equal because they give courage to other people to join the movement. Notably, first followers contribute significantly by aping the leader and teaching people what to do. Dugan (2017) assumes that the first follower shows people that being part of the cause is natural and permissible. The author deems people to be controlled by others and the need for confident people to act as guides.

References

Daft, R. L. (2018). Fellowship. In R. L. Daft, The Leadership Experience (p. 34). Boston MA: Cengage Learning.

Dugan, J. P. (2017). Leadership Theory: Cultivating Critical Perspectives. London: John Wiley & Sons.

Sivers, D. (2010, February n.a). How to Start a Movement. Retrieved April 19, 2019, from TED Ideas Worth Spreading: https://www.ted.com/talks/derek_sivers_how_to_star…

Student Reply 2: Nancy Resmini

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapter 7 of The Leadership Experience and watch the Derek Sivers | TED2010: How to Start a MovementLinks to an external site.Links to an external site. video.

List three ideas that you learned from the video clip:

You need the guts to stand up and take the ridicule.

Follower shows everyone else how to follow

The Leader and the follower become one.

Also, explain the chain of the leadership-follower movement.

The leader stands up for what he is believes can be a terrific movement or idea. Then a follower listens and decides to join the leader, which makes them become equal. Other followers start to see what could be fun and decide to join in with the others. Those that were waiting to join are now running to become part of the team.

Why is it important for the leader to embrace the first follower as an equal?

Because that follower believes enough in the leader to want to share in the project with him from the beginning to the end. By becoming equal with the Leader, the rest of the team sees the way the project is going as a group, not as a leader and followers. Everyone is equal.

If you have your own experience with the leadership/follower movement, please share this with your peers. When I was much younger, our youth group wanted to host a youth camp weekend with youth from other churches. I took the lead and others wanted to help with the weekend. We had so many people helping, from adults to the youth, to make this weekend special. Because we worked together as one, not separate individuals, everything came together and the weekend was a success.

References:

Sivers, D. (2010, February). Derek Sivers | TED2010: How to start a movement (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.Links to an external site. [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/derek_sivers_how_to_start…

Student Reply 3: Jennifer Peshoff

The three ideas I learned from the video clip is that anyone can become a leader no matter how silly the task is, the leader should embrace the first follower as an equal, and it does not take much effort to start a movement, just courage. According to Daft (2018) “The effective follower is both a critical, independent thinker and active in the organization” (sec. 7.2). The chain of leadership-follower movement starts with the leader action or point of view. The first follower is the second part of the movement because without the first follower the leader can come across as crazy or irrational. The leader should embrace the first follower to show that they are equal and willing to go with what the leader has proposed together as one. The first follower is subject to mockery in the same way the leader was in the beginning. After the first follower commits to the movement then the other followers feel less of a risk to join. In Siver (2010) the movement starts with the leader and the risk can be seen in both the leader and the first follower but as more followers join the movement the scale tips and it becomes riskier to not join the movement.

Reference

Daft, R. L. (2018). The leadership experience (7th ed.). Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu

Sivers, D. (2010, February). Derek Sivers | TED2010: How to start a movement. [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/derek_sivers_how_to_start…

Question 2:

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapter 8 of The Leadership Experience.

If you were the owner of a small firm, would you prefer to implement an employee stock ownership program, a profit-sharing program, or a bonus program as a means of motivating employees? Discuss your reasons. What other motivational techniques would you employ?

Student Reply 4: Michael Dawson

An employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) is a company-run program in which participating employees can purchase company shares at a discounted price. Employees contribute to the plan through payroll deductions, which build up between the offering date and the purchase date. At the purchase date, the company uses the accumulated funds to purchase shares in the company on behalf of the participating employees (ESPPLinks to an external site.).

A performance bonus is a form of additional compensation paid to an employee or department as a reward for achieving specific goals or hitting predetermined targets. A performance bonus is compensation beyond normal wages and is typically awarded after a performance appraisal and analysis of projects completed by the employee over a specific period (PerformanceLinks to an external site.).

A profit-sharing plan, also known as a deferred profit-sharing plan or DPSP, is a plan that gives employees a share in the profits of a company. Under this plan, an employee receives a percentage of a company’s profits based on its quarterly or annual earnings. This is a great way for a business to give its employees a sense of ownership in the company, but there are typically restrictions as to when and how a person can withdraw these funds without penalties (Profit SharingLinks to an external site.).

If I was a small firm owner, I would prefer to implement an employee stock ownership program for two reasons. First, this would allow the company to retain their employees and second, it is another incentive for the employee to stay if they are investing. Based on experience, any type of bonus is nice because it is some form of money that goes to you directly. However, it is not always as guaranteed and majority of the time it is also taxed. So really, if it does not increase your salary it is a little more difficult to just give bonuses. When it comes to profit-sharing, it would be my second option of choice since there are restrictions as to when and how a person can withdraw these funds without penalties. Furthermore, I feel like it decreases the incentive part for the employee because they don’t receive that profit right away.

Two other types of extrinsic rewards I would implement would be yearly pay increase in salary and after hitting milestones in the company, allowing increases in PTO (Personal Time Off). If you are a smaller firm, you still want to be competitive to bigger firms, so I believe with this people will want to stay and work for you. Other motivations I would employ would be company BBQ’s, Christmas parties, and even celebrate big wins and milestones for the firm. Ensuring the employees and their families with more positive reinforcement and rewarding them.

References

Daft, R. L. (2018). The Leadership Experience (7th ed.) [Electronic version]. Retrieved May 14, 2019, from https://content.ashford.edu/Links to an external site.

Kagan, J. (2019, March 12). Performance Bonus. Retrieved May 14, 2019, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/performance-b… to an external site.

Kenton, W. (2019, April 08). Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). Retrieved May 14, 2019, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/espp.aspLinks to an external site.

Kenton, W. (2019, March 22). Profit-Sharing Plan. Retrieved May 14, 2019, from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/profitsharing… to an external site.

Student Reply 5: William Poole

Productivity is boosted, moral is raised, and performance is improved with motivation being increased in the workplace. Many common methods are there for making employees energized and exited while diverse motivators function for different employee types (Daft, 2018).

Employees can be motivated with the incentive of the program of profit-sharing. Earnings can be increased by employees in this way while assisting increase in the business income. Collective teamwork and goal-setting is promoted simultaneously by this approach. A pride sense is provided in ownership to the employees by this. Performance can be enhanced, turnover can be decreased and morale can be raised with the help of a program of profit-sharing (Morse, 2019).

In case it is decided by the small business to look at sharing of profit as a means to reward and motivate the employees. A program in which employees are rewarded with bonus compensation can be implemented by the small business. The basis can be annual, quarterly or monthly. Employees will be motivated every day before they arrive to work. Greater initiative will be taken by them in new business sourcing. Services will be retained by the existing clients for long when work is done in a spectacular manner. The thinking towards sharing of profit is that more readiness will be held by employees having more skin in the play to place extra effort in order for the project great from good (Morse, 2019).

Other motivational techniques that can be employed are stated as follows:

Accomplishments and achievements should be identified. Achievements of employee can be celebrated through awards for star performer or employee-of-the month. A big deal should be made out of attainments through celebration at meetings with the staff. Individual efforts or team attainments both should be identified.

Input of employee should be solicited. Satisfaction of employee should be surveyed in a regular manner. An independent party can be hired to conduct a focus formal group or anonymous polls can be conducted. Potential breakers of morale can be caught prior to their escape from the hand. Staffers are shown that one care regarding workers’ opinion and desire to improve conditions of working in a continuous manner by soliciting the input of employee (Daft, 2018).

References

Morse, S. (2019). Can a Profit-Sharing Program Motivate Your Employees? -. Retrieved from https://sba.thehartford.com/managing-employees/can… to an external site.

Daft, R. L. (2018). The leadership experience (7th ed.). Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/

Question 6: Crystal Dunham

If I were to own a small business, I would prefer to offer a stock ownership program. This offers my employees a chance to be owners of the stock in my business. “Typically, the company borrows money from lenders, investors, and/or selling shareholders, and then loans the ESOP trust funds for the purpose of acquiring shares” (Staloch, 2015). Overtime as the loan is being paid off the shares can then be given to the employee’s accounts. By offering this program my employees will be able to exchange their shares for retirement, termination, disability, or death. This gives my employees a sense of security in case something may happen that has effect on their finances. Another way I would help motivate my employees is by offering incentives like gift cards or gift certificates. This helps my employees stay focused on goals that are needing to be met and shows that they are valued for their hard work and dedication.

Reference

Staloch, C. (2015, September). Employee Stock Ownership Plans: The Pros and Cons. Retrieved from https://www.di.net/articles/employee-stock-ownersh…