Lattal et al. (2017)

1. In your own words, summarize one of the definitions of resurgence (currently used by most text books) presented in section #2. 

Resurgence is said to occur when a previously learned response recurs following a hiatus from that response, during which time some other response first is reinforced and thereafter extinguished” (Lattal and St. Peter Pipkin, 2009, p. 254).

2. Use the last paragraph of Section #2 to help you complete the diagram below that incorporates the common elements of resurgence’s current definition and depicts the experimental arrangement typically used to study resurgence (Hint: 2 through 4). Describe the steps that are used to study resurgence. 

· Phase I: T= ______ phase 

o During this phase the resurgent/target bx is _______ 

· Phase II: AR=________ phase 

o During this phase the 

§ The resurgent/target behavior is _________ 

§ and an alternative behavior is ___________ 

· Phase III: RT= ________ phase 

o During this phase the 

§ The resurgent/target behavior remains on ______

§ and the alternative behavior is placed on ______ too 

** If levels of the target response are higher in Phase _____, than at the end of Phase ___ then resurgence is said to have occurred. 

3. Given that resurgence is a transient/short-lived phenomenon and our field’s emphasis on repeated measures and steady state responding- resurgence has been challenging to study. Summarize one of the experimental arrangements presented in Section #4 that have overcome this challenge. 

4. Based on the results of daSilva et al. (2008), a prior history of ________ is required for the target behavior to resurge. 

5. Based on the results of daSilva et al. (2008) Experiments 2 & 3, does the target response have to be placed on extinction during Phase II/the AR Phase to see it resurge during Phase III/RT phase? What procedures can additionally produce resurgence? 

6. Does the alternative response have to placed on extinction during Phase III/the RT Phase in order to produce resurgence of the target response? Briefly justify your answer. 

7. How can stimulus conditions (same throughout all phases or different contexts) effect resurgence? 

8. Now state the refined definition of resurgence presented in section 9. 

______________________________________________________________________________

Greer et al. (2016)

**** Critical refresher objectives: Definitions of multiple and concurrent schedules, extinction,

9. State 4 common disrupters. Summarize one of the research examples discussed by the authors, for one of the disrupters you listed. 

Please complete activity 1 using the excel sheet titled ‘Supplementary Behavior momentum theory’. (You will submit your excel spreadsheet with all the completed activities along with the prep guide). 

10. What did your data show? That is, how do denser or leaner schedules of reinforcement impact resurgence? 

11. BMT does not regard response rate as a good/sensitive measure of ‘strength’. In BMT ‘strength’ is a behavior’s mass. How is a behavior’s mass determined? 

12. What is activity #2 designed to demonstrate? 

Please complete activity 2 using the excel sheet titled ‘Supplementary Behavior momentum theory’. (You will submit your excel spreadsheet with all the completed activities along with the prep guide). 

13. What did your data show? That is, how do denser or leaner schedules of reinforcement impact resurgence?  

14. What is activity #3 designed to demonstrate? 

Please complete activity 3 using the excel sheet titled ‘Supplementary Behavior momentum theory’. (You will submit your excel spreadsheet with all the completed activities along with the prep guide).

15. What did your data show? That is, how is resurgence impacted by having more or less sessions with extinction for the target behavior during phase II? 

______________________________________________________________________________

Kestner, Redner, Watkins, & Poling (2015)

** Critical refresher objectives: Definitions of FCT (functional communication training), treatment integrity, DRA

16. Summarize the three experimental phases typically used to demonstrate resurgence discussed on page 315. State the criteria that need to be met to say that resurgence as occurred. How do these three phases mirror what might happen in an applied context? Hint: think about poor treatment integrity following a DRA procedure.

17. What was the purpose/point of the current study?

18. Use the methods section to complete the following diagram. This should help increase your understanding of the critical aspects of the experimental arrangement. Describe how the phases of the study were conducted. 

Pre-Experimental Training Phase: 

During this phase the sound of ______ was conditioned as a reinforcer 

During this phase the __________ response (B1) was established. Initially it was reinforced on a ______ schedule that was faded to a ____________ schedule. 

Phase 1: 

· During this phase ____________ responses (B1) were reinforced on a ______ schedule.

Training Phase: 

· During this part of training, the _______ response (B2) was taught. Initially it was reinforced on a ______ schedule that was faded to a ____________ schedule. 

Phase II: 

· Experimental Group: 

o During this phase the ______ response (B1) was placed on _______ (meaning that food was no longer provided following the response). Additionally, the ______ response produced a (small) foot _________. 

o While the __________ response (B2) continued to produce _______ on a VI 30 s schedule. 

· Control Group: 

o During this phase for half the rats, the _______ response (B1) was placed on ______ and _______ additional consequence followed it. 

o While the __________ response (B2) continued to produce _______ on a VI 30 s schedule. 

Phase III: Resurgence test 

· All consequences for lever presses and nose pokes are __________ 

19. Examine figure 1. During Phase II, what happens to rates of lever pressing (B1) when it is placed on extinction and nose pokes are reinforced instead?  

· Now what happens to rates of lever pressing when nose pokes are placed on extinction in Phase III? 

20. Examine figure 2. 

· During Phase II, what happens to rates of lever pressing (B1) when it is placed on Punishment + extinction and nose pokes are reinforced instead? 

· Now what happens to rates of lever pressing when nose pokes are placed on extinction in Phase III? 

21. So what do the present results indicate regarding punishment and resurgence? 

22. The authors make a special point that in applied context this methods could only used with a socially acceptable and innocuous punisher (that is, the possibility of resurgence is not sufficient to justify a high magnitude punisher). So, what are some punishment procedures/punishers that could be used in an applied context? 

Due 8/29 7 p.m EST

Be on time, ORIGINAL WORK

400 words not including title & min 3 ref APA

Select a Peer Reviewed Article

 

A host of factors affect your health status at the individual or community level. Whether you are healthy or not is primarily determined by your biology, genetic predispositions, and behavior. To a large extent, your social and physical conditions along with existing medical care and health policy have considerable impact on your health and ultimately disease risk or occurrence. The social and physical conditions are the social determinants—the places you are born, grow up, live, learn, play, and work and your age— that affect a wide range of health and health outcomes including quality of life.

Understanding and addressing multiple aspects of social determinants are essential for the development of epidemiological theories. These theories encourage epidemiologists to think critically and systematically about integral connections between social determinants and disease occurrence. From these theories epidemiologists also gain insight, responsibility, and accountability to translate the vision of a healthier society to a reality.

For this Discussion,  consider different theories of social determinant of health and their impact on epidemiology. Then select a peer-reviewed article  that focuses on a specific theory of social determinants of health.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post a brief explanation of the theory the article used and how the theory was applied to the field of epidemiology. Explain how you might integrate the theory into your dissertation research and the importance of framing your research within a theory or model. Provide a rationale using scholarly resources.

There are many reimbursement methods that are utilized to reimburse physicians and facilities for the services and procedures that they provide to patients. A physician and the facility must keep track of the services and procedures that they are providing to the patients to bill out and receive the appropriate reimbursement. The chargemaster or charge description master (CDM) is the billing process that is used in all health care facilities, and it is updated yearly.

Focus your discussion on the following questions:

• What are the consequences of not utilizing current codes and charges? Discuss how using last year’s CDM will affect the current year’s bottom line.
• Will this create a positive or negative result for the health care facility? Explain your answer.
• How can facilities ensure that the current CDM is used?

This week you are asked to prepare a summary of the tools that you have prepared to present to management. This summary should include a definition and/or description of each of the tools that you have prepared. Explain how each of these tools is used by a health services manager.

 

Following are the tools that you have prepared:

Also this week, you need to present all of the tools listed above to your manager (instructor) in a portfolio. You should consider the comments that your instructor has provided on your previous assignments when making revisions for you final submittal.

You will be graded on the professionalism of your portfolio and tools. Make your tools as “real” and workable as possible. If you need to, please review the Course Project Introduction in Week 02 for a general overview of this project. Each part of the project will include a short lecture about the tool or tools that you will be preparing that week. These notes and instructions must be taken into consideration as you prepare your tools. Points will also be deducted for errors in spelling and/or grammar.

You should submit all of your tools and your summary in the same drop box submission.