explain how these people were impacted by the spread of islam into their lands

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When Islam spread from the Arabian Peninsula to the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, and the Iberian Peninsula from 632-750 CE, Muslim caliphs and their regional governors controlled new lands and peoples who had varying languages, cultures, and religious beliefs. Explain how these people were impacted by the spread of Islam into their lands. Did it affect their language? Culture? Religion? If so, how?