Discussion of topic one should be at least 300 words for a total of two pages. Be thoughtful, creative, and work to advance the Discussion. 

https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2011/01/19/recognizing-the-differences-between-healthcare-and-other-industries/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4998854/ 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/ use those article as your guide

Topic 1:

· Discuss the similarities and differences of quality between the manufacturing and healthcare industries.

· Discuss the role of resource utilization in the healthcare system in the quality of care.

· Discuss some of the methodologies and tools used by healthcare organizations in quality-improvement projects.

Then On two different paragraphs give your personal opinion to Tanyka Timmons and Tamara Seguin 

Tanyka Timmons

According to (Sadeghi, S., Mikhail, O., Barzi, A., Shabot, M.M 2013) there are six differences between the healthcare industry and the manufacturer industry quality

1. The asymmetry of information between provider and patient is more pronounced making in different in healthcare than all other industries

2. Third party payments and the fact that patients don’t always directly pay for services

3.  The role of the physician in health care is truly unparalleled as there is no counterpart to the physician in other industries

4. In healthcare, the consumer is often interacting with the provider at a time of great vulnerability unlike any other industry

5. Manufacturing industries are national/global while healthcare industries are local/regional

6. Patients are as much part of the process of care as they are consumers of it

The similarities in the two industries according to (Sadeghi, S., Mikhail, O., Barzi, A., Shabot, M.M 2013) are the six dimensions of quality in healthcare that relate to the manufacturer industry are performance which is comparable to effectiveness in healthcare, features which overlap with patient-centeredness, reliability overlaps with safety, perceived quality is can be viewed as patient-centeredness, perceived quality from the provider standpoint is equivalent to effectiveness and serviceability is equal to timeliness.

In the role of resource utilization in the healthcare industry system in the quality of care it’s simple; without resources there is no quality

Some of the methodologies and tools used in healthcare for quality improvement projects are:

· Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) always known as Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)

· Six Sigma

· Lean Manufacturing

· Visual Analysis Methods

Sadeghi, S., Mikhail, O., Barzi, A., Shabot, M.M (2013). Integrating Quality and Strategy in Health Care Organizations; 13th Ed. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Tamara Seguin 

     One similarity in healthcare and manufacturing is marketing and competition. According to Dr. David E (2011), manufacturing and healthcare provides a service that people need or want. Hospitals exist because people get sick or injured and grocery stores exist because people need food. Both fill people’s needs. Some differences between manufacturing and healthcare are that you cannot put people on a production line and treat them like a merchandise as manufacturing does in production. A production line can produce numerous products within minutes where a doctor cannot see patients and decide the needs for the patient in the same amount of time. If a patient needs a specialist, you can’t get on the internet and order one from china. Healthcare is done within a local area (most of the time). Quality is measured different in healthcare than in manufacturing.
     According to Leggett, L. E (2016) Self reporting questionnaires is way to collect information/data on healthcare resource utilization. Two measured resources is a doctor visits and inpatient stay. With healthcare cost increasing economic calculations must use data to determine the quantities of resource utilizations. This helps determine how to reduce the cost of healthcare without decreasing quality. Using questionnaires is one way to determine what resources where/are being used. Data collected from hospitals and insurance companies are also a source to identify resource utilization, but this information may not be readily available, also they may lack information.
     One tool used to improve quality within healthcare is public reporting performance at national, state and other levels. According to Hughes RG. (2008), it is believed that comparing performance between providers and institutes will inspire better quality and performance. Another tool used is the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model. This method takes small areas that need improvement and determines what the goal is (what needs fixing), how do we know we have achieved our goal (measurement) and what will we do when we reach our goal. There are others such as Six Sigma, Lean Production System, Root cause analysis (RCA) and more.

Reference
Dr. David E (2011), Why Hospitals, Clinics and Medical Offices are Not Hotels, or Manufacturing Plants or Production Assembly Lines, etc. Retrieved from https://medicalexecutivepost.com/2011/01/19/recognizing-the-differences-between-healthcare-and-other-industries/

Leggett, L. E., Khadaroo, R. G., Holroyd-Leduc, J., Lorenzetti, D. L., Hanson, H., Wagg, A., Padwal, R., … Clement, F. (2016). Measuring Resource Utilization: A Systematic Review of Validated Self-Reported Questionnaires. Medicine, 95(10), e2759.

Hughes RG. (2008). Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety. Apr. Chapter 44. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/