1- The researchers analyzed the data they collected as though it were at what level of measurement? (Your choices are: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval/ratio, or Experimental)

2- What was the mean posttest empowerment score for the control group?

3- Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the experimental group. Was this an expected finding? Provide a rationale for your answer.

4- Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the control group. Do these scores strengthen or weaken the validity of their search results? Provide a rationale for your answer.

5- Which group’s test scores had the least amount of variability or dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer.

6 – Did the empowerment variable or self-care self-efficacy variable demonstrate the greatest amount of dispersion? Provide a rationale for your answer.

7 – The mean (X ̅) is a measure of _____ a distribution while the SD is a measure of ____ its scores. Both X ̅ and SD are ____ statistics.

8 – What was the mean severity for renal disease for the research subjects? What was the dispersion or variability of the renal disease severity scores? Did the severity scores vary significantly between the control and the experimental groups? Is this important? Provide a rationale for your answer.

9 – Which variable was least affected by the empowerment program? Provide a rationale for your answer.

10 – Was it important for the researchers to include the total means and SDs for the study variables in Table 2 to promote the readers’ understanding of the study results? Provide a rationale for your answer.