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Hello, class. For this week’s discussion, I chose to talk about the Urine. its a liquid composed of water and substances separated by the body, and that has functions linked to the elimination of substances unnecessary to the body, or associated with electrolyte control, blood pressure, and acid-base balance. Urine is secreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder and removed during urination.

     Urine formation is a process that consists of three stages:
Filtration: The blood that is transported by the afferent arteriole reaches the glomerulus, and the solutes of the plasma pass through the capillaries at a very high speed. Metabolic residues are filtered inside the glomerulus, and the small-sized nutrients that will be discarded: the passage of a quantity of water leads to the formation of a liquid, which is called glomerular filtration.

     Tubular reabsorption: The filtered liquid advances through the renal tubules, and there some of the substances are reabsorbed and incorporated into the blood again. Some of the substances that are reabsorbed are water, sodium, glucose, phosphate, potassium, amino acids and calcium.

     Tubular secretion: Much of the blood substances are transported from the blood plasma to the urinary space, while waste substances are produced from the tubular capillaries to the lumen of the tubule, in the distal area.

       Once formed, the liquid reaches the collection tube where the only thing that can be incorporated is a little more water, so it is not considered another phase of the formation. However, it is that place where the liquid acquires the name of urine and is transported to the urinary bladder, where it will be stored until the urination reflex occurs.

The body usually removes about a liter and a half of urine a day approximately.”95% of the urine is composed of water, while 2% is composed of mineral salts (such as chlorides, phosphates, sulfates, ammoniacal salts) and 3% of organic substances (urea, uric acid, hippuric acid, creatinine)” ( Urine is one of the two main sources of water loss from the body, next to sweat.

W/C: 337

References

Saladin, K. S., Gan, C. A., & Cushman, H. N. (2018). Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education.